When a technological results come out in engineering schools they scientists, or other owners of the new innovation may decided different ways to use it. Some may register a patent and sell the results, as Bayh Dole Act has also facilitated this in USA. Others may decided to make paper of that, specially if the results are not promising to be used in firms, and tend to be more scientific rather than technological. If the outcome can be used technologically and also wroth scientifically both ways are used, so that the owners of new knowledge make most of that. In this case the paper would not address the technological details of the technology, so that the patent would not loose its value.
In the Iranian context, international, national and sectoral institutions have formed a new phenomenon, which we call it patent-papers. It means that owners of knew knowledge decide to make papers of their technological results and give all the details in the paper. Although the results appear in a paper, in fact they look more like a patent.
In the international context, the global labor market of researchers is analyzed. Also the political status of the nation is known as a factor that induces this phenomenon.
In the national context the policies of Ministry of Science, Research and Technology and the way research activities are funded in the nation are discussed. The Macroeconomic status of the nation is also another factor that is identified to be important.
In the sectoral level, the statuses of development of specific sectors in which patent-papers are more regular, stage of scientific and technological development of universities in these sectors are discussed.